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绿联NAS往极空间NAS备份分享

前言

需求很简单，将绿联 NAS 内的东西都备份到极空间内，我先尝试了将硬盘取下来放到极空间，挂载不上

然后就是通过 webdav/ftp/smb 等协议来备份，但是最后我开始尝试用 rsync，这样同步二者的时间戳可以保留，然后我更相信这个命令一点

经过之前的教训，我不相信绿联以及极空间任何 UI 上提供的功能

用 rsync 来完成 绿联 NAS 到极空间的备份，中途我在极空间用 FTP 从绿联备份了一些文件，用 rsync 应该能继续备份

就是中途用 FTP，感觉慢得不行，特别到了一些小文件的时候，感觉 rsync 要快很多

准备工作

绿联和极空间都需要开启 ssh

极空间是 ubuntu，绿联是 debian，绿联连清华源都没设置

绿联 apt install neofetch 需要执行 apt –fix-broken install

然后极空间默认更换了清华的源

极空间相关信息

ssh 登录后

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 Welcome to ZOS (GNU/Linux 6.8.1-z4pro+-generic x86_64) 
 
       ZZZZZZZ   OOO    SSSSS      
           ZZ  O     O SS          
          ZZ  O       O SSSS       
         ZZ   O       O     SS     
        ZZ     O     O      SS     
       ZZZZZZZ   OOO    SSSS
 --------------------------------- 
 System:  "V1.0.0440020"                               
 Service: "V1.0.0440102"                              
 ---------------------------------  


The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.


The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.

Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by
applicable law.

Could not chdir to home directory /home/${phone}: No such file or directory
To run a command as administrator (user "root"), use "sudo <command>".
See "man sudo_root" for details.

${phone}@Z4ProPlus-MEDO:/$

然后输入 sudo passwd 可以设置极空间 root 密码

随后可以

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➜  ~ ssh -p 10000 root@192.168.31.64
root@192.168.31.64's password: 


 Welcome to ZOS (GNU/Linux 6.8.1-z4pro+-generic x86_64) 
 
       ZZZZZZZ   OOO    SSSSS      
           ZZ  O     O SS          
          ZZ  O       O SSSS       
         ZZ   O       O     SS     
        ZZ     O     O      SS     
       ZZZZZZZ   OOO    SSSS
 --------------------------------- 
 System:  "V1.0.0440020"                               
 Service: "V1.0.0440102"                              
 ---------------------------------  

Last login: Sun Aug 17 05:27:33 2025 from 127.0.0.1
root@Z4ProPlus-MEDO:~#

apt 版本和源

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root@Z4ProPlus-MEDO:~# apt -v
apt 2.8.3 (amd64)
root@Z4ProPlus-MEDO:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu noble main

neofetch

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root@Z4ProPlus-MEDO:~# neofetch
        #####           root@Z4ProPlus-MEDO 
       #######          ------------------- 
       ##O#O##          OS: zos x86_64 
       #######          Kernel: 6.8.1-z4pro+-generic 
     ###########        Uptime: 3 days, 4 hours, 52 mins 
    #############       Packages: 238 (dpkg) 
   ###############      Shell: bash 5.2.21 
   ################     WM: Openbox 
  #################     Theme: Yaru [GTK3] 
#####################   Icons: Yaru [GTK3] 
#####################   Terminal: /dev/pts/0 
  #################     CPU: Intel N150 (4) @ 3.600GHz 
                        GPU: Intel Graphics] 
                        Memory: 1481MiB / 15771MiB 
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root@Z4ProPlus-MEDO:~# uname -a
Linux Z4ProPlus-MEDO 6.8.1-z4pro+-generic #13 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Thu Jun  5 15:03:23 CST 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
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root@Z4ProPlus-MEDO:~# hostnamectl
 Static hostname: Z4ProPlus-MEDO
       Icon name: computer-desktop
         Chassis: desktop 🖥️
      Machine ID: a251d735b2c44028b37bda6e9fddb2f7
         Boot ID: de28c0eeb73e45608d22b5d1efe46031
Operating System: zos
          Kernel: Linux 6.8.1-z4pro+-generic
    Architecture: x86-64
 Hardware Vendor: Default string
  Hardware Model: Default string
Firmware Version: 5.27
   Firmware Date: Thu 2025-04-10
    Firmware Age: 4month 1w
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root@Z4ProPlus-MEDO:~# cat /etc/os-release
NAME="ZOS"
VERSION="GNU/Linux ZOS"
ID="zos"
ID_LIKE="debian"
PRETTY_NAME="zos"
VERSION_ID="zos"
ZOS_VERSION="V1.0.0440020"
root@Z4ProPlus-MEDO:~# lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	ZOS
Description:	zos
Release:	zos
Codename:	n/a
root@Z4ProPlus-MEDO:~#

绿联 NAS 相关信息

绿联 ssh 登录后

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➜  ~ ssh nightmare@192.168.31.70
nightmare@192.168.31.70's password: 
nightmare@DXP2800-JECT:~$ apt -v
apt 2.6.1 (amd64)
nightmare@DXP2800-JECT:~$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-proposed-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-proposed-updates contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian/ bookworm-backports contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security contrib main non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ bookworm-security contrib main non-free non-free-firmware

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nightmare@DXP2800-JECT:~$ neofetch
       _,met$$$$$gg.          nightmare@DXP2800-JECT 
    ,g$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$P.       ---------------------- 
  ,g$$P"     """Y$$.".        OS: Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm) x86_64 
 ,$$P'              `$$$.     Host: DXP2800 EM_DXP2800_V1.0.25 
',$$P       ,ggs.     `$$b:   Kernel: 6.1.27 
`d$$'     ,$P"'   .    $$$    Uptime: 9 hours, 44 mins 
 $$P      d$'     ,    $$P    Packages: 1225 (dpkg) 
 $$:      $$.   -    ,d$$'    Shell: bash 5.2.15 
 $$;      Y$b._   _,d$P'      Terminal: /dev/pts/0 
 Y$$.    `.`"Y$$$$P"'         CPU: Intel N100 (4) @ 3.400GHz 
 `$$b      "-.__              GPU: Intel Alder Lake-N [UHD Graphics] 
  `Y$$                        Memory: 1248MiB / 7684MiB 
   `Y$$.
     `$$b.                                            
       `Y$$b.                                         
          `"Y$b._
              `"""
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nightmare@DXP2800-JECT:~$ cat /etc/os-release
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="12"
VERSION="12 (bookworm)"
VERSION_CODENAME=bookworm
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"
OS_VERSION=1.7.0.3125
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nightmare@DXP2800-JECT:~$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID:	Debian
Description:	Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)
Release:	12
Codename:	bookworm
nightmare@DXP2800-JECT:~$ hostnamectl
 Static hostname: DXP2800-JECT
       Icon name: computer-desktop
         Chassis: desktop 🖥️
      Machine ID: 986ee82ffb1876a93eee9ea5bbeab5a5
         Boot ID: 14170c1f5dee40c89519b3b4ef3e6926
Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)  
          Kernel: Linux 6.1.27
    Architecture: x86-64
Firmware Version: EM_DXP2800_V1.0.25
nightmare@DXP2800-JECT:~$ cat /etc/*release
cat /etc/issue
PRETTY_NAME="Debian GNU/Linux 12 (bookworm)"
NAME="Debian GNU/Linux"
VERSION_ID="12"
VERSION="12 (bookworm)"
VERSION_CODENAME=bookworm
ID=debian
HOME_URL="https://www.debian.org/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://www.debian.org/support"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.debian.org/"
OS_VERSION=1.7.0.3125
UGOSPRO Linux  \n \l
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nightmare@DXP2800-JECT:~$ uname -a
Linux DXP2800-JECT 6.1.27 #36 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Mon Apr 14 23:38:49 CST 2025 x86_64 GNU/Linux

绿联 sudo passwd 设置 root 密码，然后执行 su 仍然进不到 root

开始尝试

找到极空间的磁盘路径

/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}

在极空间上执行

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rsync -avhP nightmare@192.168.31.70:/home/nightmare/ /data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test

尝试将绿联的文件往本地拉

总是跑不通，home/nightmare/ 文件夹是存在的

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ug_start_server, check access user: 1000, group: 10
getuid(): 1000 geteuid(): 1000
login group is admin, set euid as root
cannot set euid as root
receiving incremental file list
rsync: [sender] change_dir "nightmare" (in home) failed: No such file or directory (2)

但是极空间是可以设置 root 密码的

最后方案

在绿联上

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screen -S backup
rsync -avhP -e "ssh -p 10000" /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/

用 screen 命令是为了断开 ssh 还能继续拷贝

TODO

ssh-copy-id nightmare@192.168.31.70 作用?

rsync 备份核心命令（绿联 → 极空间）

一些 QA

推送：
rsync -avhP -e “ssh -p 10000” /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/

含义：
-a 等价 -rlptgoD，保留权限/时间戳/符号链接等
-v 显示传输文件
-h 人类可读大小
-P 显示进度并支持断点续传（含 –partial –progress）

加删除同步（镜像，谨慎）：
rsync -avhP –delete -e “ssh -p 10000” /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/

后台（screen）：
screen -S backup
rsync -avhP -e “ssh -p 10000” /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/
Ctrl+A D 分离
screen -r backup 重新进入

后台（nohup 日志）：
nohup rsync -avhP -e “ssh -p 10000” /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/ > /home/nightmare/rsync_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).log 2>&1 &

时间戳保证

-a 已包含 -t，完成后用 stat 对比：
stat /home/nightmare/某文件
stat /data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/某文件
Modify 行一致即成功。

若看到 failed to set times 说明目标权限或挂载阻止设置时间。

差异判定机制

默认判定：文件大小 + 修改时间
两者都相同直接跳过，不读取文件内容。
需要内容级别核对时临时用 –checksum（-c）。

一次性内容校验

首次全量同步完成后执行（不写入，仅验证，慢）：
rsync -avhP -e “ssh -p 10000” –dry-run -ic /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/
如果没有出现以 >f 开头的文件行，表示内容一致。

之后日常继续用不带 -c 的命令（快）：
rsync -avhP -e “ssh -p 10000” /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/

快速差异演练（不做内容哈希）

rsync -avhP -e “ssh -p 10000” –dry-run -i /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/

-i 与 -c 解释

-i 输出变化标志：

f.st…… 文件大小和时间变
f+++++++++ 新文件
f..t…… 仅时间不同

-c 基于内容校验和决定是否需要同步，需读取两端所有文件，慢。

组合 –dry-run -ic 用于严格一次性内容验证。

已传文件列表格式化

仅列出真正传输的文件（时间 + 标志 + 名字）：
rsync -aP -e “ssh -p 10000” -i –out-format=’%t %i %n’ /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/

写日志：
rsync -aP -e “ssh -p 10000” -i –out-format=’%t %i %n’ –log-file=/home/nightmare/rsync_transfer.log /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/

排除示例

排除缓存与无意义文件：
rsync -avhP -e “ssh -p 10000” –exclude ‘.cache/‘ –exclude ‘.DS_Store’ /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/

后台脚本

/home/nightmare/push_backup.sh：
#!/usr/bin/env bash
rsync -avhP -e “ssh -p 10000” /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/

后台版本 /home/nightmare/push_backup_bg.sh：
#!/usr/bin/env bash
LOG=”/home/nightmare/rsync_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).log”
echo “Log => $LOG”
nohup rsync -avhP -e “ssh -p 10000” /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/ > “$LOG” 2>&1 &
echo “PID=$!”

校验抽样

stat /home/nightmare/Release.zip
stat /data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/Release.zip

何时使用 –delete

需要让目标与源完全一致（删除目标多余文件）时再加：
rsync -avhP –delete -e “ssh -p 10000” /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/
先用 –dry-run 演练：
rsync -avhP –dry-run –delete -i -e “ssh -p 10000” /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/

典型流程总结

1 初次同步：
rsync -avhP -e “ssh -p 10000” /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/

2 一次性内容验证：
rsync -avhP –dry-run -ic -e “ssh -p 10000” /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/

3 日常增量：
rsync -avhP -e “ssh -p 10000” /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/

4 定期快速检查：
rsync -avhP –dry-run -i -e “ssh -p 10000” /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/

5 需要镜像：
rsync -avhP –delete -e “ssh -p 10000” /home/nightmare/ root@192.168.31.64:/data_s001/data/udata/real/${phone}/rsync_test/

绿联NAS往极空间NAS备份分享

http://blog.nightmare.press/2025/08/17/绿联NAS往极空间NAS备份分享/

作者

梦魇兽

发布于

2025-08-17

更新于

2025-08-17

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